The Pennsylvania Associators, 1747–1777 (Joseph Seymour, 2012)

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William Pencak

Abstract

From 1747, when Spanish "pirates" (actually, privateers) first appeared on the Delaware River during King George's War, until the state of Pennsylvania established a militia act in 1777, Pennsylvania was defended by volunteers known as Associators. Although some Quakers believed that even permitting others to defend them might bring down the wrath of God on a province that had survived without a military force for sixty-five years, even most members of that sect recognized that once the mid-eighteenth-century wars troubled William Penn's "Holy Experiment," such extreme pacifism was no longer tenable.

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