Abstract
"Quaker Pennsylvania" was made,not born, argues John Smolenski. From the time of its settlement in the 1680s until the 1720s, the colony's Quaker pioneers, a contentious charter generation, struggled mightily to establish who among them would rule and which Quaker principles would guide the colony. Smolenski characterizes this tense process of cultural adaptation and change as "creolization"; it is the central theme of his book.