Abstract
ABSTRACT: This essay focuses on issues of ethnicity and race in Philadelphia during the fi nal decade of the eighteenth century. It draws on an older methodology of name identifi cation to determine the ethnic background of thousands of the inhabitants and then maps those people to explain how and why Europeans and African Americans arranged themselves in the city. In residential and commercial terms, integrated rather than segregated neighborhoods characterized the urban center. The diverse urban population scattered across neighborhoods—living, shopping, drinking, and sharing housing with people from various European backgrounds and, more than occasionally, even across racial lines. All fi gures are available at http://hsp.org/publications/pennsylvania-magazine-of-history-biography /pmhb-october-2016.