Abstract
On April 12, 1833, a notice in the Pittsburgh Gazette alerted residents to the opening of a unique painting exhibition at the Exchange Hotel that evening. The showing promised 100 portraits of American Indians from the "wildest tribes in North America," including Múk-a tahmish-o-káh-kaik (Black Hawk, 1767–1838), the Sac chief who had earlier led a failed armed rebellion against the United States to retake tribal lands.
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